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Michael Harner (born 1929) is an anthropologist, educator and author. He founded The Foundation for Shamanic Studies and the New Age practice of "Core Shamanism." His 1980 book, ''The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,''〔Harner, Michael (1980) ''The Way of the Shaman''. San Francisco: Harper & Row. Third edition, 1990. 〕 has been foundational in the development and popularization of "Core Shamanism" as a path of personal development for new age adherents of neoshamanism.〔Noel, Daniel C. (1997) ''Soul Of Shamanism: Western Fantasies, Imaginal Realities.''Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1081-2〕 ==Career== Michael Harner initially worked in the field of archaeology, including studying the Lower Colorado River area.〔E.g., Kroeber, A.L., and Michael J. Harner. (1955) "Mohave Pottery", ''Anthropological Records'', Berkeley: University of California.〕 As a graduate student in 1956-57 he undertook field research on the culture of the Jívaro (Shuar) people of the Ecuadorian Amazon and began to pursue a career as an ethnologist. His dissertation later became the basis for his book, ''The Jívaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls''.〔Harner, Michael J. (1972) ''The Jívaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls.'' New York: Natural History Press. Second edition 1984, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.〕 In 1960-61 he did additional ethnographic fieldwork among the Conibo people of the Ucayali River region in the Peruvian Amazon. What he witnessed there, and his experiences with ingesting the indigenous psychoactive drug, ayahuasca, started him on what was to become his life's primary work. Indications of this new focus can be seen in his 1968 article, "The Sound of Rushing Water,"〔Harner, Michael J. (1968) "The Sound of Rushing Water." ''Natural History'' 77(6).〕 and the volume he edited in 1973, ''Hallucinogens and Shamanism'', which included his article, "The Role of Hallucinogenic Plants in European Witchcraft," and a section in which he raised "The Question of a Trans-cultural Experience."〔Harner, Michael J., ed. and contributor (1973) ''Hallucinogens and Shamanism''. New York and London: Oxford University Press. 〕 Harner received a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963. He taught there and at Columbia University, Yale University and the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research, where he chaired the anthropology department. He also co-chaired the Anthropology Section of the New York Academy of Sciences.〔Haviland, William A., Harald E. L. Prins, Bunny McBride and Dana Walrath (2013). Anthropologists of Note: Michael J. Harner. ''Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge'' (14th ed., p. 307). Belmont: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-133-95597-9.〕 In 1987 Harner left academic anthropology to devote himself full-time to his new project, The Foundation for Shamanic Studies. Walsh and Grob note in their book, ''Higher Wisdom: Eminent Elders Explore the Continuing Impact of Psychedelics'', "Michael Harner is widely acknowledged as the world's foremost authority on shamanism and has had an enormous influence on both the academic and lay worlds.... What Yogananda did for Hinduism and D. T. Suzuki did for Zen, Michael Harner has done for shamanism, namely bring the tradition and its richness to Western awareness."〔Walsh, Roger, and Charles S. Grob, eds. (2005) ''Higher Wisdom: Eminent Elders Explore the Continuing Impact of Psychedelics'', pp. 159, 160. State University of New York Press. Albany.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Harner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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